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Witness for the Defence
Witness for the Defence

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Witness for the Defence is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Witness for the Defence
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.
Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.
His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.
Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.
He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Witness for the Defence

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Witness for the Defence is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.
/ðə ˈletər ɪz ˈrɪtən bʌt ˈsteləz ˈkɑːnfədəns dɪd nɑːt laɪv lɔːŋ/
Line 2
Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.
Line 3
His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.
Line 4
Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.
Line 5
He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.
/hiː sæt baɪ ðə ˈaʊər æt hɪz desk ˈberiɪŋ hɪz feɪs əˈmʌŋst hɪz ˈpeɪpərz ɪf dɪk keɪm ˈɪntuː ðə ruːm wɪð ə ɡreɪt ʃoʊ ʌv ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anxieties noun US /æŋˈzaɪətiz/

plural of “anxiety” — (psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading “Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.”

argued verb US /ˈɑːrɡjuːd/

past form of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading “His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.”

burying noun US /ˈberiɪŋ/

concealing something under the ground

From this reading “He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.”

deceptions noun US /dɪˈsepʃənz/

plural of “deception” — a misleading falsehood

From this reading “Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.”

repel verb US /rɪˈpel/

cause to move back by force or influence

From this reading “His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.”

Stella's noun US /ˈsteləz/

possessive form of “stella” — United States minimalist painter (born in 1936)

From this reading “THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.”

themes noun US /θiːmz/

plural of “theme” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading “His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.”

theories noun US /ˈθɪriz/

plural of “theory” — a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading “Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

anxietiesnounUS /æŋˈzaɪətiz/

plural of “anxiety” — (psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

arguedverbUS /ˈɑːrɡjuːd/

past form of “argue” — present reasons and arguments

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

buryingnounUS /ˈberiɪŋ/

concealing something under the ground

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

deceptionsnounUS /dɪˈsepʃənz/

plural of “deception” — a misleading falsehood

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

desknounUS /desk/

a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

DicknounUS /dɪk/

someone who is a detective

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

echoedverbUS /ˈekoʊd/

past form of “echo” — to say again or imitate

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

follynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

Hazlewood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

LETTERnounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

needsadverbUS /niːdz/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

piteousadjective

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

repelverbUS /rɪˈpel/

cause to move back by force or influence

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He sat by the hour at his desk, burying his face amongst his papers if Dick came into the room, with a great show of occupation.

Stella'snounUS /ˈsteləz/

possessive form of “stella” — United States minimalist painter (born in 1936)

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

themesnounUS /θiːmz/

plural of “theme” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

theoriesnounUS /ˈθɪriz/

plural of “theory” — a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Never was a man brought to such a piteous depth of misery by the practice of his own theories.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Hazlewood was a child at deceptions; and day by day his anxieties increased.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading His friends argued with him--his folly and weakness were the themes--and he must needs repel the argument though his thoughts echoed every word they used.

WRITTENadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading THE LETTER IS WRITTEN But Stella's confidence did not live long.

Chapter 20 of Witness for the Defence by A. E. W. (Alfred Edward Woodley) Mason holds 157 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Witness for the Defence contain?

Chapter 20 holds 157 sentences of Witness for the Defence, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Witness for the Defence by A. E. W. (Alfred Edward Woodley) Mason exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 157 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Witness for the Defence?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Witness for the Defence

Common questions about reading Witness for the Defence by A. E. W. (Alfred Edward Woodley) Mason on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Witness for the Defence?

Yes. All 5912 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12535 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Witness for the Defence is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12535, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Witness for the Defence take to read?

About 492 minutes of reading across 1183 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Witness for the Defence section by section

How to work through Witness for the Defence section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Witness for the Defence to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Witness for the Defence

Words and structures a reader meets early in Witness for the Defence, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bignor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Witness for the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Riding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Witness for the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Along
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Witness for the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
South
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Witness for the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.