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Wives and Daughters
Wives and Daughters

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Wives and Daughters is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.
Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.
He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.
He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.
He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wives and Daughters

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Wives and Daughters is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.
Line 2
Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.
Line 3
He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.
/hiː wɑːz ˈveri ənˈhæpi tuː ˈæftər hɪz ˈfæʃən/
Line 4
He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.
Line 5
He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

basis noun US /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading “He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.”

contradictory adjective US /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪktəri/

of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false

From this reading “He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.”

exaggeration noun US /ɪɡˌzædʒərˈeɪʃən/

extravagant exaggeration

From this reading “He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.”

osborne noun US /ˈɔːzbɔːrn/

English playwright (1929-1994)

From this reading “OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.”

pondering adjective US /ˈpɑːndərɪŋ/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading “He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.”

reviews noun US /riˈvjuːz/

plural of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading “OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.”

solitary adjective US /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading “Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.”

statements noun US /ˈsteɪtmənts/

plural of “statement” — a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading “He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

coffeenounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

contradictoryadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪktəri/

of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

drawing-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

exaggerationnounUS /ɪɡˌzædʒərˈeɪʃən/

extravagant exaggeration

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

HAMLEY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.

hearth-rug

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.

OSBORNEnounUS /ˈɔːzbɔːrn/

English playwright (1929-1994)

From this reading OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.

passionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

ponderingadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːndərɪŋ/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.

POSITIONnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

ready-money

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

REVIEWSnounUS /riˈvjuːz/

plural of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading OSBORNE HAMLEY REVIEWS HIS POSITION.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

SquirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

statementsnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənts/

plural of “statement” — a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading He stood on the hearth-rug pondering over his situation.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Osborne had his solitary cup of coffee in the drawing-room.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

unhappyadjectiveUS /ənˈhæpi/

experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent

From this reading He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was very unhappy too, after his fashion.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He was not exactly aware how hardly his father was pressed for ready-money; the Squire had never spoken to him on the subject without being angry; and many of his loose contradictory statements--all of which, however contradictory they might appear, had their basis in truth--were set down by his son to the exaggeration of passion.

Chapter 15 of Wives and Daughters by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Wives and Daughters contain?

Chapter 15 holds 170 sentences of Wives and Daughters, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Wives and Daughters by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Wives and Daughters?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wives and Daughters

Common questions about reading Wives and Daughters by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wives and Daughters?

Yes. All 13287 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4274 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wives and Daughters is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4274, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wives and Daughters take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2658 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Wives and Daughters

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wives and Daughters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Novice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Daughters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Amongst
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Daughters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Daughters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
O'clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Daughters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.