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Wives and Widows
Wives and Widows

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Wives and Widows is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wives and Widows
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A HEART-STORM ABATING.
I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.
The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.
Her white face was half hidden by the turf.
The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wives and Widows

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Wives and Widows is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A HEART-STORM ABATING.
Line 2
I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.
/aɪ siːzd ðə laɪð stem ʌv ðə æʃ ənd ˈlɪftəd ˌmaɪˈself ʌp ðə bæŋk ˈprɑːmptɪd baɪ æn ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl ˈɪmpəls ʌv hjuːˈmænɪti/
Line 3
The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.
/ðə ˈwʊmən leɪ əˈpɑːn ðə ɡraʊnd ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən soʊ laɪk deθ ðæt ɪt ˈfraɪtənd miː/
Line 4
Her white face was half hidden by the turf.
/hɜːr waɪt feɪs wɑːz hæf ˈhɪdən baɪ ðə tɜːrf/
Line 5
The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abating verb US /əˈbeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “abate” — make less active or intense

From this reading “A HEART-STORM ABATING.”

ash noun US /æʃ/

the residue that remains when something is burned

From this reading “I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.”

entangled adjective US /enˈtæŋɡəld/

deeply involved especially in something complicated

From this reading “The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.”

fleece noun US /fliːs/

the wool of a sheep or similar animal

From this reading “The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.”

lithe adjective US /laɪð/

gracefully thin and bending and moving with ease

From this reading “I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.”

prompted verb US /ˈprɑːmptɪd/

past form of “prompt” — give an incentive for action

From this reading “I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.”

stem noun US /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading “I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.”

tropical adjective US /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading “The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

irresistible impulse adjective + noun

an urge to do or say something that might be better left undone or unsaid

In this reading “I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.”

upon the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … ground”

In this reading “The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.”

prompted by verb + particle counted as “prompt by”

In this reading “I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.”

white face noun + noun

In this reading “Her white face was half hidden by the turf.”

lay upon verb + particle

In this reading “The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A HEART-STORM ABATING.

ABATINGverbUS /əˈbeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “abate” — make less active or intense

From this reading A HEART-STORM ABATING.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

ashnounUS /æʃ/

the residue that remains when something is burned

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

clenchedadjectiveUS /klentʃt/

closed or squeezed together tightly

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

entangledadjectiveUS /enˈtæŋɡəld/

deeply involved especially in something complicated

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Her white face was half hidden by the turf.

flashedverbUS /flæʃt/

past form of “flash” — gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

fleecenounUS /fliːs/

the wool of a sheep or similar animal

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

foldsnounUS /foʊldz/

plural of “fold” — an angular or rounded shape made by folding

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

frightenedadjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtənd/

made afraid

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Her white face was half hidden by the turf.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

HEART-STORM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A HEART-STORM ABATING.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her white face was half hidden by the turf.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading Her white face was half hidden by the turf.

humanitynounUS /hjuːˈmænɪti/

the quality of being humane

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

impulsenounUS /ˈɪmpəls/

an instinctive motive

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

irresistibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl/

impossible to resist; overpowering

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

jewelsnounUS /ˈdʒuːəlz/

plural of “jewel” — a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

liftedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪftəd/

held up in the air

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

litheadjectiveUS /laɪð/

gracefully thin and bending and moving with ease

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

promptedverbUS /ˈprɑːmptɪd/

past form of “prompt” — give an incentive for action

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

rain-drops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

seizedverbUS /siːzd/

past form of “seize” — take hold of; grab

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

shawlnounUS /ʃɔːl/

cloak consisting of an oblong piece of cloth used to cover the head and shoulders

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

stemnounUS /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

tropicaladjectiveUS /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

turfnounUS /tɜːrf/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading Her white face was half hidden by the turf.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I seized the lithe stem of the ash, and lifted myself up the bank, prompted by an irresistible impulse of humanity.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Her white face was half hidden by the turf.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Her white face was half hidden by the turf.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The woman lay upon the ground in a position so like death, that it frightened me.

wood-moss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The folds of an India shawl were entangled around her, like the broken wings of some great tropical bird; one hand was clenched deep in a fleece of wood-moss, where its jewels flashed like rain-drops.

Chapter 31 of Wives and Widows by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Wives and Widows contain?

Chapter 31 holds 169 sentences of Wives and Widows, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Wives and Widows by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Wives and Widows?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wives and Widows

Common questions about reading Wives and Widows by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wives and Widows?

Yes. All 7751 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36374 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wives and Widows is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36374, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wives and Widows take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1551 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wives and Widows section by section

How to work through Wives and Widows section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Wives and Widows to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wives and Widows

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wives and Widows, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Widows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Widows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indicated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Widows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bold-faced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wives and Widows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.