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Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian
Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.
This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.
The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.
This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.
In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.
Line 2
This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.
Line 3
The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.
/ðə moʊd ʌv laɪf dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ðə ˈɜːrli ˈnɑːvələsts wɑːz ɪn eɡˈzɪstəns ˈsɪksti jɪrz ˈæftər ðeɪ roʊt siːnz ˈtɪpəkəl ʌv ðə ˈkʌstəmz ənd ˈmænərz ʌv ðer deɪ dʒʌst æz ðə ˈkwaɪət hoʊm laɪf dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ mɪs ˈɔːstɪn wɑːz tuː biː faʊnd ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ə ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz bɪˈfɔːr ɪt ɡreɪst ðə ˈpeɪdʒəz ʌv ə bʊk/
Line 4
This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.
/ðɪs nuː ˈerə ɪn ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈnɑːvəl wɑːz duː nɑːt tuː ə tʃeɪndʒ ʌv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt bʌt tuː ðə nuː aɪˈdiːlz ʌv ðoʊz huː roʊt/
Line 5
In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Austen noun US /ˈɔːstɪn/

English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

From this reading “The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.”

eighteenth adjective US /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

graced verb US /ɡreɪst/

past form of “grace” — make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading “The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.”

nineteenth adjective US /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

noteworthy adjective US /ˈnoʊtwɜːrði/

worthy of attention because interesting, significant, or unusual

From this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

novelists noun US /ˈnɑːvələsts/

plural of “novelist” — one who writes novels

From this reading “The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.”

pruned verb US /pruːnd/

past form of “prune” — cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of

From this reading “In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.”

transformation noun US /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/

a qualitative change

From this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

sixty years adjective + noun

In this reading “The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.”

new era adjective + noun

In this reading “This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.”

thirty-six years adjective + noun

In this reading “In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.”

early part adjective + noun

In this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

late years adjective + noun

In this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1778

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

1814

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

AustennounUS /ˈɔːstɪn/

English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

Burney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

delicacynounUS /ˈdeləkəsi/

the quality of being beautiful and delicate in appearance

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

environmentnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

FannynounUS /ˈfæni/

the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

fragrancenounUS /ˈfreɪɡrəns/

a distinctive odor that is pleasant

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

gracedverbUS /ɡreɪst/

past form of “grace” — make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

noteworthyadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtwɜːrði/

worthy of attention because interesting, significant, or unusual

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

novelistsnounUS /ˈnɑːvələsts/

plural of “novelist” — one who writes novels

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

prunedverbUS /pruːnd/

past form of “prune” — cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

thirty-sixadjective

being six more than thirty

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This change cannot be explained by the great difference in manners only.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

transformationnounUS /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/

a qualitative change

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

trimmedadjectiveUS /trɪmd/

made neat and tidy by trimming

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

typicaladjectiveUS /ˈtɪpəkəl/

exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

Waverley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading This new era in the English novel was due not to a change of environment, but to the new ideals of those who wrote.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In 1778, English fiction was represented by the work of Miss Burney, and for thirty-six years, until 1814, when _Waverley_ appeared, this rare plant was preserved and kept alive by a group of women, who trimmed and pruned off many of its rough branches and gave to the wild native fruit a delicacy and fragrance unknown to it before.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading The mode of life described by the early novelists was in existence sixty years after they wrote scenes typical of the customs and manners of their day, just as the quiet home life described by Miss Austen was to be found in England a hundred years before it graced the pages of a book.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Fanny Burney A noteworthy transformation took place in the English novel during the late years of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth.

Chapter 3 of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian by Clara Helen Whitmore holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the contain?

Chapter 3 holds 155 sentences of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian by Clara Helen Whitmore exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 2773 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34613 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34613, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian take to read?

About 231 minutes of reading across 555 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian

Words and structures a reader meets early in Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Restoration
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mid-victorian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Period
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clara
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Woman's Work in English Fiction, from the Restoration to the Mid-Victorian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.