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Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01
Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01 is here in full — 845 sentences across 169 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/169 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Tenth.
Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.
Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.
I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.
For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01 is here in full — 845 sentences across 169 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/169 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Tenth.
/tenθ/
Line 2
Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.
Line 3
Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.
/teɪk hiːd ˈɔːlsoʊ ʌv ˈhɑːrdənɪŋ ðaɪ hɑːrt wen ðaʊ ɑːrt ˈʌndər ˈeni ˈdʒʌdʒmənt ʌv ɡɑːd æz ˈsɪknəs ˈlɔːsəz ˈkrɔːsɪz ɔːr ðə laɪk/
Line 4
I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.
/aɪ bɪd juː bɪˈfɔːr tuː bɪˈwer ʌv ə hɑːrd hɑːrt bʌt naʊ aɪ bɪd juː bɪˈwer ʌv ˈhɑːrdənɪŋ jɔːr sɑːft wʌnz/
Line 5
For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.
/fɔːr tuː ˈhɑːrdən ðə hɑːrt ɪz tuː meɪk ɪt wɜːrs ðæn ɪt ɪz ˈhɑːrdər mɔːr ˈdesprɪt ənd boʊld əˈɡenst ɡɑːd ðæn æt ðə ˈprezənt ɪt ɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alms noun US /ɑːlmz/

money or goods contributed to the poor

From this reading “Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.”

convictions noun US /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading “Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.”

crosses noun US /ˈkrɔːsɪz/

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading “Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.”

harden verb US /ˈhɑːrdən/

become hard or harder

From this reading “For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.”

hardening noun US /ˈhɑːrdənɪŋ/

abnormal hardening or thickening of tissue

From this reading “Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.”

Lastly adverb US /ˈlæstli/

the item at the end

From this reading “Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.”

losses noun US /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading “Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.”

Tenth noun US /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading “Tenth.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

almsnounUS /ɑːlmz/

money or goods contributed to the poor

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

bewareverbUS /bɪˈwer/

be on one's guard; be cautious or wary about; be alert to

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

bidverbUS /bɪd/

propose a payment

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

convictionsnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

crossesnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪz/

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

hardenverbUS /ˈhɑːrdən/

become hard or harder

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

HARDENINGnounUS /ˈhɑːrdənɪŋ/

abnormal hardening or thickening of tissue

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

harderadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdər/

comparative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

HEARTnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

heednounUS /hiːd/

paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

LastlyadverbUS /ˈlæstli/

the item at the end

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

lossesnounUS /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

prayernounUS /prer/

the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving)

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

self-denialnoun

the trait of practicing self discipline

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

sicknessnounUS /ˈsɪknəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

TenthnounUS /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading Tenth.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

THYdeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Take heed also of hardening thy heart, when thou art under any judgment of God, as sickness, losses, crosses, or the like.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading For to harden the heart is to make it worse than it is; harder, more desperate, and bold against God, than at the present it is.

Wouldest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lastly, Wouldest thou grow in this grace of fear? then take heed of HARDENING THY HEART at any time against convictions to particular duties, as to prayer, alms, self-denial, or the like.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I bid you before to beware of a hard heart, but now I bid you beware of hardening your soft ones.

Chapter 28 of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01 by John Bunyan holds 845 sentences, grouped into 169 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01 contain?

Chapter 28 holds 845 sentences of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01, unabridged, divided into 169 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01 by John Bunyan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 845 sentences, grouped into 169 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01?

Work through the 169 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 169 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6046, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 6858 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01

Words and structures a reader meets early in Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Treatise
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Notes
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Sketch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Works of John Bunyan — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.