Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch
The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
‘What is it? what does he want?’
Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.
‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:
‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’
Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
‘What is it? what does he want?’
/wʌt ɪz ɪt wʌt dʌz hiː wɑːnt/
Line 2
Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.
Line 3
‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:
Line 4
‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’
Line 5
Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comrade noun US /ˈkɑːmræd/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading “‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:”

Fox noun US /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading “‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:”

hastens verb US /ˈheɪsənz/

third-person singular of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading “Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.”

overwhelm verb US /ˌoʊvərˈwelm/

overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

From this reading “Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.”

quack noun US /kwæk/

an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice

From this reading “Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.”

remembers verb US /rɪˈmembərz/

third-person singular of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading “‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:”

Reynard noun US /ˈreɪnərd/

a conventional name for a fox used in tales following usage in the old epic “Reynard the Fox”

From this reading “‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’”

throws noun US /θroʊz/

plural of “throw” — the act of throwing (propelling something with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist)

From this reading “Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

five minutes noun + noun

In this reading “Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.”

good luck adjective + noun

an auspicious state resulting from favorable outcomes

In this reading “‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.”

come out verb + adjective

appear or become visible; make a showing

In this reading “‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

comradenounUS /ˈkɑːmræd/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ‘What is it? what does he want?’

Drakestail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

Drakestail's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

FinallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

fowls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

FoxnounUS /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

hastensverbUS /ˈheɪsənz/

third-person singular of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ‘What is it? what does he want?’

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ‘What is it? what does he want?’

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ‘What is it? what does he want?’

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

lucknounUS /lʌk/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

overwhelmverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelm/

overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

pecks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

quacknounUS /kwæk/

an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

quickadjectiveUS /kwɪk/

accomplished rapidly and without delay

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

remembersverbUS /rɪˈmembərz/

third-person singular of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

ReynardnounUS /ˈreɪnərd/

a conventional name for a fox used in tales following usage in the old epic “Reynard the Fox”

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

rushedadjectiveUS /rʌʃt/

done under pressure

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

throwsnounUS /θroʊz/

plural of “throw” — the act of throwing (propelling something with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist)

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading ‘What is it? what does he want?’

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading ‘What is it? what does he want?’

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ‘I am lost!’ said Drakestail to himself, when by good luck he remembers his comrade friend Fox, and he cries:

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

wickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Finally they rushed at him all together, to overwhelm him with pecks.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Then friend Fox, who was only waiting for these words, hastens out, throws himself on the wicked fowls, and quick! quack! he tears them to pieces; so much so that at the end of five minutes there was not one left alive.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading ‘Reynard, Reynard, come out of your earth, Or Drakestail’s life is of little worth.’

Chapter 9 of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch by World Traditions (Celtic, Norse, Asian & Persian) holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch contain?

Chapter 9 holds 403 sentences of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch by World Traditions (Celtic, Norse, Asian & Persian) exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch

Common questions about reading The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch by World Traditions (Celtic, Norse, Asian & Persian) on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch section by section

How to work through The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The Red Fairy Book: The Golden Branch, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.