Chapter II

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

past form of “aim” — point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The original scheme almost omitted Stirmingham.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

next to; at the side of

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the two together, not just one

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

one or the other of two

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

large or big relative to something else

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

staying power

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

not one and not the other of two

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading The original scheme almost omitted Stirmingham.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The original scheme almost omitted Stirmingham.

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

plural of “projector” — an optical device for projecting a beam of light

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

plural of “railway” — line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading The original scheme almost omitted Stirmingham.

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The original scheme almost omitted Stirmingham.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is hard to give the pre-eminence to either.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Railways were not then fully understood; their projectors had such vast ideas in their heads, they aimed at long trunk lines, and so this railroad was to connect London, the sea, and a certain large town—larger than Stirmingham then, but now nothing beside the modern city.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He did not originate the idea of the railway—that was done for him—but he put it on its legs, and he brought it to the centre of the town.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They were both profound schemes—neither would have been complete without the other.