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Wulf the Saxon
Wulf the Saxon

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Wulf the Saxon is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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THE NORTHERN INVASION.
The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.
It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.
He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.
The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wulf the Saxon

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Wulf the Saxon is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE NORTHERN INVASION.
/ðə ˈnɔːrðərn ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/
Line 2
The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.
Line 3
It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.
/ɪt mʌst hæv bɪn ˈevədənt ˌɪnˈdiːd tuː ɔːl ðæt ɪt wɑːz bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈpaʊər ʌv ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ kɪŋ tuː kiːp ðɪs oʊθ əbˈteɪnd frʌm hɪm baɪ fɔːrs ənd ˈtretʃ.ər.i/
Line 4
He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.
/hiː hæd bɪn ɪˈlektəd baɪ ðə vɔɪs ʌv ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈpiːpəl ənd hæd noʊ mɔːr ˈpaʊər ðæn ðə ˈmiːnəst ʌv hɪz ˈsʌbdʒɪkts tuː hænd ðə kraʊn ðeɪ hæd bɪˈstoʊd tuː əˈnʌðər/
Line 5
The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Christendom noun US /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia)

From this reading “The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.”

complaints noun US /kəmˈpleɪnts/

plural of “complaint” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading “The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.”

duke's noun US /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading “The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.”

elected adjective US /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading “He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.”

invasion noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading “THE NORTHERN INVASION.”

meanest adjective US /ˈmiːnəst/

superlative of “mean” — approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading “He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.”

Normandy noun US /ˈnɔːrməndi/

a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie

From this reading “The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.”

prominently adverb US /ˈprɑːmənəntli/

in a prominent way

From this reading “The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

bestowedverbUS /bɪˈstoʊd/

past form of “bestow” — present

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

breachverbUS /briːtʃ/

act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

ChristendomnounUS /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia)

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

complaintsnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnts/

plural of “complaint” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

daughtersnounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

duke'snounUS /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

Ealdgyth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

electedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

Harold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

Harold's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

INVASIONnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading THE NORTHERN INVASION.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

meanestadjectiveUS /ˈmiːnəst/

superlative of “mean” — approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

NormandynounUS /ˈnɔːrməndi/

a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

NORTHERNadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading THE NORTHERN INVASION.

oathnounUS /oʊθ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

prominentlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmənəntli/

in a prominent way

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading The breach of this oath, however, served to obtain all the aid that the church could give to William.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE NORTHERN INVASION.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

treacherynounUS /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading It must have been evident indeed to all that it was beyond the power of the English king to keep this oath, obtained from him by force and treachery.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading He had been elected by the voice of the English people, and had no more power than the meanest of his subjects to hand the crown they had bestowed to another.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The news of Harold's marriage to Ealdgyth put an end to the demands of William of Normandy that Harold should take one of his daughters to wife, and in the complaints that he addressed to all Christendom against Harold the breach of his promise in this respect was placed far more prominently than his failure to carry out his oath to be the duke's man.

Chapter 17 of Wulf the Saxon by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 248 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Wulf the Saxon contain?

Chapter 17 holds 248 sentences of Wulf the Saxon, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Wulf the Saxon by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 248 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Wulf the Saxon?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wulf the Saxon

Common questions about reading Wulf the Saxon by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wulf the Saxon?

Yes. All 5387 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8745 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wulf the Saxon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8745, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wulf the Saxon take to read?

About 448 minutes of reading across 1078 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wulf the Saxon section by section

How to work through Wulf the Saxon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Wulf the Saxon to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wulf the Saxon

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wulf the Saxon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wulf the Saxon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wulf the Saxon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Depressed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wulf the Saxon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spirits
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wulf the Saxon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.