Chapter IX

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

the state of being absent

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

how long something has existed

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

ruined by overcooking

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

made for or formed by carving (“carven” is archaic or literary)

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

put or send forth

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “chair” — a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

lying or extending across the length of a thing or in a cross direction

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

(of hair) making curls or having been made to curl

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “dane” — a native or inhabitant of Denmark

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

the act of consuming liquids

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

start firing a weapon

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

brought together in one place

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

plural of “hall” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

an opening into or through something

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “horn” — a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

filled with a great quantity

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

consisting of or made of wood of the oak tree

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “sconce” — a shelter or screen providing protection from enemy fire or from the weather

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

plural of “skin” — a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

marked by or emitting or filled with smoke

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

in or at that place or location

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

plural of “torch” — a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “trophy” — an award for success in war or hunting

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

the topmost one of two

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading Great torches, fixed in iron sconces, cast a smoky glare on the scene, and on the mighty hearth a huge fire of logs burnt, and the blue smoke curled upwards to escape through a hole in the roof.

plural of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

From this reading Its walls were covered with skins and horns and trophies of the chase, and laden with shields and swords and other warlike gear.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The room was long and low, and its oaken beams were black with age and smoke.

used to ask for information about something

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

which person or people

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

the extent of something from side to side

From this reading The upper end of the room was slightly raised, and there, in carved chairs at a table which ran crosswise the width of the hall, the nobles sat quaffing the brown ale from their deep drinking horns.

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of what befell Wulnoth in the Halls of the Danes_ In the great hall of Regner Lodbrok sat his two sons who ruled in his absence, together with many a great holda of Juteland and Denmark and other vikings from the North who had gathered with them.