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Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan
Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.
Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.
Japan lay sweltering with uncertainty.
Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.
It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.
Line 2
Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.
Line 3
Japan lay sweltering with uncertainty.
/dʒəˈpæn leɪ ˈsweltərɪŋ wɪð ənˈsɜːrtənti/
Line 4
Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.
Line 5
It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

booty noun US /ˈbuːti/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading “Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.”

centralized adjective US /ˈsentrəlaɪzd/

drawn toward a center or brought under the control of a central authority

From this reading “Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.”

Manufactured adjective US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərd/

produced in a large-scale industrial operation

From this reading “Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.”

revered adjective US /rɪˈvɪrd/

profoundly honored

From this reading “Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.”

sweltering adjective US /ˈsweltərɪŋ/

excessively hot and humid or marked by sweating and faintness

From this reading “Japan lay sweltering with uncertainty.”

unbridled adjective US /ənˈbraɪdəld/

not restrained or controlled

From this reading “Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.”

unlicensed adjective US /ənˈlaɪsənst/

lacking official approval

From this reading “It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.”

wrested verb US /ˈrestɪd/

past form of “wrest” — obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading “It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wrested from verb + particle counted as “wrest from”

In this reading “It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.”

Four centuries noun + noun counted as “four century”

In this reading “Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

AUTHORnounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

bootynounUS /ˈbuːti/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.

centralizedadjectiveUS /ˈsentrəlaɪzd/

drawn toward a center or brought under the control of a central authority

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

chivalrynounUS /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

daimyos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

FournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

impotencynoun

the quality of lacking strength or power; being weak and feeble

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

JAPANnounUS /dʒəˈpæn/

a string of more than 3,000 islands to the east of Asia extending 1,300 miles between the Sea of Japan and the western Pacific Ocean

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

Jenkins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.

knights-errant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Japan lay sweltering with uncertainty.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

ManufacturedadjectiveUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərd/

produced in a large-scale industrial operation

From this reading Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

niceadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

PASSINGnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

prowessnounUS /ˈpraʊəs/

a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

reveredadjectiveUS /rɪˈvɪrd/

profoundly honored

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

RichmondnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.

SHIBUSAWA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

spoilsnounUS /spɔɪlz/

plural of “spoil” — (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war)

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

swelteringadjectiveUS /ˈsweltərɪŋ/

excessively hot and humid or marked by sweating and faintness

From this reading Japan lay sweltering with uncertainty.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AUTHOR OF SHIBUSAWA, THE PASSING OF OLD JAPAN, ETC.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

unbridledadjectiveUS /ənˈbraɪdəld/

not restrained or controlled

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading Japan lay sweltering with uncertainty.

unlicensedadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪsənst/

lacking official approval

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

Vanoun

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Manufactured by L. H. Jenkins, Richmond, Va.

victornounUS /ˈvɪktər/

a combatant who is able to defeat rivals

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Four centuries of unbridled warfare had reduced her once sturdy, centralized government to little more than a revered impotency; the country had become the property or the booty of its daimyos--those knights-errant, the pride of a nation.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Japan lay sweltering with uncertainty.

wrestedverbUS /ˈrestɪd/

past form of “wrest” — obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading It was an age of military prowess, of unlicensed chivalry, and to the victor belonged the spoils--till wrested from him, by another more powerful or less nice about the taking.

Chapter 1 of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan by I. William Adams holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan contain?

Chapter 1 holds 89 sentences of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan by I. William Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan

Common questions about reading Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan by I. William Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan?

Yes. All 2871 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62919 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #62919, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan take to read?

About 239 minutes of reading across 575 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan section by section

How to work through Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan

Words and structures a reader meets early in Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shibusawa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Japan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Yodogima: In Feudalistic Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.