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Young Barbarians
Young Barbarians

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Young Barbarians is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.
He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.
Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.
"Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...
I would be ... lonely without the pater."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Barbarians

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Young Barbarians is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.
Line 2
He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.
Line 3
Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.
Line 4
"Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...
Line 5
I would be ... lonely without the pater."
/aɪ wʊd biː ˈloʊnli wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈpeɪtər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bulldog verb US /ˈbʊldɔːɡ/

attack viciously and ferociously

From this reading “Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.”

canings noun US /ˈkeɪnɪŋz/

plural of “caning” — work made of interlaced slender branches (especially willow branches)

From this reading “Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.”

nursing noun US /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm

From this reading “The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.”

obedient adjective US /oʊˈbiːdiənt/

dutifully complying with the commands or instructions of those in authority

From this reading “He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.”

pater noun US /ˈpeɪtər/

an informal use of the Latin word for father; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously

From this reading “I would be ... lonely without the pater."”

sponged verb US /spʌndʒd/

past form of “sponge” — wipe with a sponge, so as to clean or moisten

From this reading “He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.”

Sundays noun US /ˈsʌndeɪz/

plural of “sunday” — first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading “He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.”

towel noun US /ˈtaʊəl/

a rectangular piece of absorbent cloth (or paper) for drying or wiping

From this reading “He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

brown hair noun + noun

In this reading “He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.”

Turning round noun + noun

In this reading “Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.”

thin brown adjective + noun

In this reading “He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.”

get into verb + particle

get involved in or with

In this reading “He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

actornounUS /ˈæktər/

a theatrical performer

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I would be ... lonely without the pater."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

brushedadjectiveUS /brʌʃt/

touched lightly in passing; grazed against

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

BulldogverbUS /ˈbʊldɔːɡ/

attack viciously and ferociously

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

caningsnounUS /ˈkeɪnɪŋz/

plural of “caning” — work made of interlaced slender branches (especially willow branches)

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

caressingly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

driedadjectiveUS /draɪd/

not still wet

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

f-for

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I would be ... lonely without the pater."

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading I would be ... lonely without the pater."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

n-naughty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

Nestie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

nursingnounUS /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

obedientadjectiveUS /oʊˈbiːdiənt/

dutifully complying with the commands or instructions of those in authority

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

paternounUS /ˈpeɪtər/

an informal use of the Latin word for father; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously

From this reading I would be ... lonely without the pater."

patheticadjectiveUS /pəˈθetɪk/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

scholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

soapnounUS /soʊp/

a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

spongedverbUS /spʌndʒd/

past form of “sponge” — wipe with a sponge, so as to clean or moisten

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

SundaysnounUS /ˈsʌndeɪz/

plural of “sunday” — first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

Th-thank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

threateningadjectiveUS /ˈθretənɪŋ/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

towelnounUS /ˈtaʊəl/

a rectangular piece of absorbent cloth (or paper) for drying or wiping

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

TurningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The gentle little minister was not far from his end, and Nestie was nursing him as best he could.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Turning round, he saw Bulldog, and instead of being afraid, Nestie smiled a pathetic welcome, which showed either what a poor actor the master was, with all his canings, or that his English scholar was a very shrewd little man.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He sponged his father's face--threatening to let the soap get into his eyes if he were not obedient--and dried it with a soft towel; then he brushed the soft, thin brown hair slowly and caressingly, as he had often done on Sundays when his father was weary.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I would be ... lonely without the pater."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I would be ... lonely without the pater."

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Th-thank you f-for coming to see father, sir; he was n-naughty and got cold, and he has been so ill; but he must get better, for you know there are ... just the two of us, and ...

Chapter 2 of Young Barbarians by Ian Maclaren holds 431 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Young Barbarians contain?

Chapter 2 holds 431 sentences of Young Barbarians, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Young Barbarians by Ian Maclaren exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 431 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Young Barbarians?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Barbarians

Common questions about reading Young Barbarians by Ian Maclaren on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Barbarians?

Yes. All 2189 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30089 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Barbarians is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30089, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Barbarians take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 438 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Barbarians section by section

How to work through Young Barbarians section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Young Barbarians to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Young Barbarians

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Barbarians, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Maclaren
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beside
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bonnie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.