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Young Folks' History of England
Young Folks' History of England

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Young Folks' History of England is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
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HENRY IV.
A.D.
1399--1413.
The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.
Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of England

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Young Folks' History of England is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HENRY IV.
Line 2
A.D.
Line 3
1399--1413.
Line 4
The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.
Line 5
Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chosen noun US /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading “The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.”

Clarence noun US /ˈklerəns/

a closed carriage with four wheels and seats for four passengers

From this reading “Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.”

Gaunt adjective US /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading “Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.”

grandson noun US /ˈɡrændsʌn/

a male grandchild

From this reading “Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.”

heir noun US /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading “The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.”

kin noun US /kɪn/

a person having kinship with another or others

From this reading “Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.”

Lancaster noun US /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading “Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.”

Mortimer noun US /ˈmɔːrtɪmər/

English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)

From this reading “Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1399

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1399--1413.

1413

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1399--1413.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A.D.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

ClarencenounUS /ˈklerəns/

a closed carriage with four wheels and seats for four passengers

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading A.D.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

Edmund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

GauntadjectiveUS /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

grandsonnounUS /ˈɡrændsʌn/

a male grandchild

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

heirnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

HENRYnounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading HENRY IV.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading HENRY IV.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

kinnounUS /kɪn/

a person having kinship with another or others

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

Lionel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

MortimernounUS /ˈmɔːrtɪmər/

English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The English people had often chosen their king out of the royal family in old times, but from John to Richard II., he had always been the son and heir of the last king.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now, though poor Richard had no child, Henry of Lancaster was not the next of kin to him, for Lionel, Duke of Clarence, had come between the Black Prince and John of Gaunt; and his great grandson, Edmund Mortimer, was thought by many to have a better right to be king than Henry.

Chapter 15 of Young Folks' History of England by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 45 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Young Folks' History of England contain?

Chapter 15 holds 45 sentences of Young Folks' History of England, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Young Folks' History of England by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 45 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Young Folks' History of England?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Folks' History of England

Common questions about reading Young Folks' History of England by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Folks' History of England?

Yes. All 1899 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4769 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Folks' History of England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4769, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Folks' History of England take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 380 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Folks' History of England section by section

How to work through Young Folks' History of England section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Young Folks' History of England

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Folks' History of England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Julius
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caesar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nearly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thousand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.