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Young Folks' History of Rome
Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Young Folks' History of Rome
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ITALY.
I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.
Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.
The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.
Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ITALY.
/ˈɪtəli/
Line 2
I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.
/aɪ æm ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː tel juː nekst əˈbaʊt ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə wɜːrld/
Line 3
Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.
/ˈɡoʊɪŋ ˈwestwərd frʌm ɡriːs əˈnʌðər pəˈnɪnsələ ˈstretʃəz daʊn ˈɪntuː ðə ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/
Line 4
The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.
Line 5
Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.
/raʊnd ðə striːmz ðæt floʊd daʊn frʌm ðiːz hɪlz ˈvæliz ʌv ˈfɜːrtəl sɔɪl fɔːrmd ðemˈselvz ənd ə ɡreɪt ˈmeni ˈdɪfərənt traɪbz ənd ˈpiːpəl tʊk ʌp ðer əˈboʊd ðer bɪˈfɔːr ðer wɑːz ˈeni ˈhɪstəri tuː ɪkˈspleɪn ðer ˈkʌmɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alps noun US /ælps/

a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction

From this reading “The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.”

eastward adjective US /ˈiːstwərd/

moving toward the east

From this reading “The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.”

fertile adjective US /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading “Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.”

Greece noun US /ɡriːs/

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading “Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.”

Mediterranean noun US /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading “Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.”

peninsula noun US /pəˈnɪnsələ/

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading “Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.”

stretches noun US /ˈstretʃəz/

plural of “stretch” — a large and unbroken expanse or distance

From this reading “Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.”

westward adverb US /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading “Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

AlpsnounUS /ælps/

a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

Apennine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

eastwardadjectiveUS /ˈiːstwərd/

moving toward the east

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

GreecenounUS /ɡriːs/

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

ITALYnounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading ITALY.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

legnounUS /leɡ/

a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

limbnounUS /lɪm/

one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

MediterraneannounUS /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

peninsulanounUS /pəˈnɪnsələ/

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

RoundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

shapedadjectiveUS /ʃeɪpt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

stretchesnounUS /ˈstretʃəz/

plural of “stretch” — a large and unbroken expanse or distance

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Round the streams that flowed down from these hills, valleys of fertile soil formed themselves, and a great many different tribes and people took up their abode there, before there was any history to explain their coming.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading Going westward from Greece another peninsula stretches down into the Mediterranean.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Apennine Mountains run like a limb stretching out of the Alps to the south eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped somewhat like a leg, which is called Italy.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I am going to tell you next about the most famous nation in the world.

Chapter 1 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Young Folks' History of Rome contain?

Chapter 1 holds 42 sentences of Young Folks' History of Rome, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome

Common questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Yes. All 1994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Folks' History of Rome is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16667, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Folks' History of Rome take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Folks' History of Rome section by section

How to work through Young Folks' History of Rome section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Young Folks' History of Rome to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Young Folks' History of Rome

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Folks' History of Rome, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.