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Young Folks' History of Rome
Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE GRACCHI.
137-122.
Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.
As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.
Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GRACCHI.
Line 2
137-122.
Line 3
Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.
Line 4
As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.
Line 5
Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.
/ˌɪnˈsted ʌv fɑːrmz ənd ˈvɪnjərdz ðer wɜːr ɡreɪt ber ˈspeɪsəz ʌv lænd wer ʃiːp kɪdz ɔːr ɡoʊts wɜːr ˈfiːdɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dreariness noun US /ˈdriːrinəs/

extreme dullness; lacking spirit or interest

From this reading “As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.”

farms noun US /fɑːrmz/

plural of “farm” — workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit

From this reading “Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.”

fertile adjective US /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading “As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.”

goats noun US /ɡoʊts/

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading “Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.”

kids noun US /kɪdz/

plural of “kid” — a young person of either sex

From this reading “Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.”

peopled adjective US /ˈpiːpəld/

furnished with people

From this reading “As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.”

spaces noun US /ˈspeɪsəz/

plural of “space” — the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading “Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.”

vineyards noun US /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading “Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

122

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 137-122.

137

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 137-122.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

Cornelia's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

desolationnounUS /ˌdesəˈleɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

drearinessnounUS /ˈdriːrinəs/

extreme dullness; lacking spirit or interest

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

eldestadjectiveUS /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

Etrurianoun

an ancient country in central Italy; assimilated by the Romans by about 200 BC

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

farmsnounUS /fɑːrmz/

plural of “farm” — workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

feedingnounUS /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

goatsnounUS /ɡoʊts/

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

GRACCHI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GRACCHI.

Gracchus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

InsteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

jewelsnounUS /ˈdʒuːəlz/

plural of “jewel” — a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

kidsnounUS /kɪdz/

plural of “kid” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

peopledadjectiveUS /ˈpiːpəld/

furnished with people

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

Sempronius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

shockedadjectiveUS /ʃɑːkt/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

spacesnounUS /ˈspeɪsəz/

plural of “space” — the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GRACCHI.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

thicklyadverbUS /ˈθɪkli/

spoken with poor articulation as if with a thick tongue

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

Tiberiusnoun

son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career (42 BC to AD 37)

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

vineyardsnounUS /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Instead of farms and vineyards, there were great bare spaces of land, where sheep, kids, or goats were feeding.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As he went through Etruria, which, as every one knew, had been a thickly peopled, fertile country in old times, he was shocked to see its dreariness and desolation.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Young Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the eldest of Cornelia's jewels, was sent in the year 137 to join the Roman army in Spain.

Chapter 19 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 41 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Young Folks' History of Rome contain?

Chapter 19 holds 41 sentences of Young Folks' History of Rome, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 41 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome

Common questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Yes. All 1994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Folks' History of Rome is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16667, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Folks' History of Rome take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Folks' History of Rome section by section

How to work through Young Folks' History of Rome section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Young Folks' History of Rome to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Young Folks' History of Rome

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Folks' History of Rome, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.