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Young Folks' History of Rome
Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ADVENTURES OF MARIUS.
93--84.
The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.
He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.
His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ADVENTURES OF MARIUS.
Line 2
93--84.
Line 3
The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.
Line 4
He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.
Line 5
His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.
/hɪz feɪs wɑːz sed tuː biː laɪk ə ˈmʌlberi ˈsprɪŋkəld wɪð sɔːlt wɪð ə ˈterəbəl per ʌv bluː aɪz ˈɡlerɪŋ aʊt ʌv ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Athenian noun US /əˈθiːniən/

a resident of Athens

From this reading “He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.”

culture noun US /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading “He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.”

excesses noun US /ˌekˈsesɪz/

plural of “excess” — a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading “He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.”

glaring adjective US /ˈɡlerɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading “His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.”

indulged verb US /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒd/

past form of “indulge” — give free rein to

From this reading “He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.”

mulberry noun US /ˈmʌlberi/

any of several trees of the genus Morus having edible fruit that resembles the blackberry

From this reading “His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.”

Romans noun US /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading “He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.”

sprinkled verb US /ˈsprɪŋkəld/

past form of “sprinkle” — distribute loosely

From this reading “His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

84

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 93--84.

93

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 93--84.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

ADVENTURESnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading THE ADVENTURES OF MARIUS.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

AtheniannounUS /əˈθiːniən/

a resident of Athens

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

Cornelius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

despisedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspaɪzd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

elegantadjectiveUS /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

excessesnounUS /ˌekˈsesɪz/

plural of “excess” — a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

frightfuladjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtfəl/

provoking horror

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

glaringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlerɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

indulgedverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒd/

past form of “indulge” — give free rein to

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

luxurynounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəri/

something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

MARIUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ADVENTURES OF MARIUS.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

mulberrynounUS /ˈmʌlberi/

any of several trees of the genus Morus having edible fruit that resembles the blackberry

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ADVENTURES OF MARIUS.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

Publius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

saltnounUS /sɔːlt/

a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

sprinkledverbUS /ˈsprɪŋkəld/

past form of “sprinkle” — distribute loosely

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

Sullanoun

perennial of southern Europe cultivated for forage and for its nectar-rich pink flowers that make it an important honey crop

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ADVENTURES OF MARIUS.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The chief foe of Marius was almost always his second in command, Publius Cornelius Sulla, one of the men of highest family in Rome.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His face was said to be like a mulberry sprinkled with salt, with a terrible pair of blue eyes glaring out of it.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading He had all the high culture and elegant learning that the rough soldier Marius despised, spoke and wrote Greek as easily as Latin, and was as well read in Greek poetry and philosophy as any Athenian could be; but he was given up to all the excesses of luxury in which the wealthy Romans indulged, and his way of life had made him frightful to look at.

Chapter 21 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Young Folks' History of Rome contain?

Chapter 21 holds 44 sentences of Young Folks' History of Rome, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome

Common questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Yes. All 1994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Folks' History of Rome is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16667, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Folks' History of Rome take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Folks' History of Rome section by section

How to work through Young Folks' History of Rome section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Young Folks' History of Rome to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Young Folks' History of Rome

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Folks' History of Rome, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.