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Young Folks' History of Rome
Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
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CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.
312-337.
Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.
He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.
In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.
/ˈkɑːnstəntiːn ðə ɡreɪt/
Line 2
312-337.
Line 3
Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.
/ˈkɑːnstəntiːn ˈentərd roʊm æz ə ˈkrɪstʃən ənd frʌm hɪz taɪm ˈfɔːrwərd ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti prɪˈveɪld/
Line 4
He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.
Line 5
In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barbarity noun US /bɑːrˈbærəti/

the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane

From this reading “He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.”

Christianity noun US /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading “Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.”

constantine noun US /ˈkɑːnstəntiːn/

Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)

From this reading “CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.”

defeated adjective US /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading “In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.”

overthrew verb US /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading “He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.”

prevailed verb US /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading “Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.”

reigned verb US /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading “He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.”

treating verb US /ˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “treat” — interact in a certain way

From this reading “He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

312

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 312-337.

337

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 312-337.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

Adrianoplenoun

a city in northwestern Turkey; a Thracian town that was rebuilt and renamed by the Roman Emperor Hadrian

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

alarmedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmd/

experiencing a sudden sense of danger

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

barbaritynounUS /bɑːrˈbærəti/

the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

CONSTANTINEnounUS /ˈkɑːnstəntiːn/

Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)

From this reading CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.

Daza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

Licinius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

overthrewverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

prisonernounUS /ˈprɪzənər/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

Thracenoun

an ancient country and wine producing region in the east of the Balkan Peninsula to the north of the Aegean Sea; colonized by ancient Greeks; later a Roman province; now divided between Bulgaria and Greece and Turkey

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Constantine entered Rome as a Christian, and from his time forward Christianity prevailed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

treatingverbUS /ˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “treat” — interact in a certain way

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the battle of Adrianople, Licinius was defeated, and soon after made prisoner and put to death.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading He reigned only over the West at first, but Licinius overthrew Daza, treating him and his family with great barbarity, and then Constantine, becoming alarmed at his power, marched against him, beat him in Thrace, and ten years later made another attack on him.

Chapter 32 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of Young Folks' History of Rome contain?

Chapter 32 holds 44 sentences of Young Folks' History of Rome, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 32 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome

Common questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Yes. All 1994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Folks' History of Rome is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16667, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Folks' History of Rome take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Folks' History of Rome section by section

How to work through Young Folks' History of Rome section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Young Folks' History of Rome

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Folks' History of Rome, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.