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Young Folks' History of Rome
Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXXIX · Chapter 39

Chapter 39 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
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BELISARIUS.
533-563.
The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.
A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.
His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXXIX · Chapter 39

Chapter 39 of Young Folks' History of Rome is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BELISARIUS.
Line 2
533-563.
Line 3
The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.
/ðə tuːˈtɔːnɪk ˈneɪʃənz suːn lɔːst ðer ˈspɪrət wen ðeɪ hæd ˈsetəld ɪn ðə ləɡˈʒɜːriəs ˈroʊmən ˈsɪtiz ənd æz ðeɪ wɜːr æz fɪrs æz ˈevər ðer kɪŋz tɔːr wʌn əˈnʌðər tuː ˈpiːsəz/
Line 4
A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.
Line 5
His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armies noun US /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading “A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.”

circus noun US /ˈsɜːrkəs/

a travelling company of entertainers; including trained animals

From this reading “His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.”

cities noun US /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.”

generals noun US /ˈdʒenərəlz/

plural of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading “A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.”

luxurious adjective US /ləɡˈʒɜːriəs/

displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses

From this reading “The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.”

nations noun US /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.”

races noun US /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading “His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.”

Teutonic adjective US /tuːˈtɔːnɪk/

of or pertaining to the ancient Teutons or their languages

From this reading “The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

533

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 533-563.

563

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 533-563.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

BELISARIUSnoun

Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians

From this reading BELISARIUS.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

charioteers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

circusnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəs/

a travelling company of entertainers; including trained animals

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

daughtersnounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

generalsnounUS /ˈdʒenərəlz/

plural of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

Justiniannoun

Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

luxuriousadjectiveUS /ləɡˈʒɜːriəs/

displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

racesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

TeutonicadjectiveUS /tuːˈtɔːnɪk/

of or pertaining to the ancient Teutons or their languages

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

Thraciannoun

an inhabitant of ancient Thrace

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

torenounUS /tɔːr/

commonly the lowest molding at the base of a column

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading His name was Belisarius, and strange to say, both he and the Emperor had married the daughters of two charioteers in the circus races.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The Teutonic nations soon lost their spirit when they had settled in the luxurious Roman cities, and as they were as fierce as ever, their kings tore one another to pieces.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading A very able Emperor, named Justinian, had come to the throne in the East, and in his armies there had grown up a Thracian who was one of the greatest and best generals the world has ever seen.

Chapter 39 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 39 of Young Folks' History of Rome contain?

Chapter 39 holds 42 sentences of Young Folks' History of Rome, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 39 of Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 39 of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 39 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 39 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome

Common questions about reading Young Folks' History of Rome by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Folks' History of Rome?

Yes. All 1994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Folks' History of Rome is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16667, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Folks' History of Rome take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Folks' History of Rome section by section

How to work through Young Folks' History of Rome section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Young Folks' History of Rome to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Young Folks' History of Rome

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Folks' History of Rome, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' History of Rome; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.