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Young Folks' Library — Volume XI
Young Folks' Library — Volume XI

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI is here in full — 452 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.
Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.
Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.
The crust of the earth is made of rock.
But what is rock made of?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' Library — Volume XI

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI is here in full — 452 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.
Line 2
Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.
/jet wiː mʌst nɑːt ˈkæri ðɪs dɪˈstɪŋkʃən tuː fɑːr/
Line 3
Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.
/ˈfaɪər dʌz nɑːt ˈɔːlweɪz wɜːrk ˈsʌdənli ɔːr ˈwɔːtər ˈsloʊli ˈwɪtnəs ðə sloʊ ˈraɪzɪŋ ənd ˈsɪŋkɪŋ ʌv lænd ɪn pɑːrts ʌv ðə ɜːrθ kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ θruː ˈsentʃəriz ənd ˈwɪtnəs ˈɔːlsoʊ ðə ɪˈfekts ʌv ɡreɪt flʌdz ənd stɔːrmz/
Line 4
The crust of the earth is made of rock.
/ðə krʌst ʌv ðə ɜːrθ ɪz meɪd ʌv rɑːk/
Line 5
But what is rock made of?
/bʌt wʌt ɪz rɑːk meɪd ʌv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

centuries noun US /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading “Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.”

continuing adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading “Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.”

crust noun US /krʌst/

the outer layer of the Earth

From this reading “The crust of the earth is made of rock.”

fiery adjective US /ˈfaɪəri/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading “It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.”

floods noun US /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading “Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.”

sinking noun US /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/

a descent as through liquid (especially through water)

From this reading “Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.”

storms noun US /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading “Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.”

underground adjective US /ˈʌndərɡraʊnd/

under the level of the ground

From this reading “It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But what is rock made of?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

continuingadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

crustnounUS /krʌst/

the outer layer of the Earth

From this reading The crust of the earth is made of rock.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

fieryadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪəri/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

FireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

floodsnounUS /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The crust of the earth is made of rock.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The crust of the earth is made of rock.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/

require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The crust of the earth is made of rock.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

sinkingnounUS /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/

a descent as through liquid (especially through water)

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

undergroundadjectiveUS /ˈʌndərɡraʊnd/

under the level of the ground

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

upheaved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But what is rock made of?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Fire does not always work suddenly, or water slowly; witness the slow rising and sinking of land in parts of the earth, continuing through centuries; and witness also the effects of great floods and storms.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It was found that the river, steadily working month by month, would require some four hundred years to carry to the sea the same weight of material, which in one tremendous effort was upheaved by the fiery underground forces.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet we must not carry this distinction too far.

Chapter 2 of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI by Edward S. (Edward Singleton) [Editor] Holden holds 452 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI contain?

Chapter 2 holds 452 sentences of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI by Edward S. (Edward Singleton) [Editor] Holden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 452 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Young Folks' Library — Volume XI

Common questions about reading Young Folks' Library — Volume XI by Edward S. (Edward Singleton) [Editor] Holden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI?

Yes. All 3534 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15884 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15884, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Young Folks' Library — Volume XI take to read?

About 294 minutes of reading across 707 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Young Folks' Library — Volume XI section by section

How to work through Young Folks' Library — Volume XI section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Young Folks' Library — Volume XI

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Folks' Library — Volume XI, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Selections
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Choicest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Young Folks' Library — Volume XI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.