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Young Lives
Young Lives

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Young Lives is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.
Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.
His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.
Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.
With Henry it was different.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Lives

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Young Lives is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.
/ə ˌpenɪˈtentʃəri ʌv ðə ˌmæθəˈmætɪks jes maɪk wɑːz sʌm deɪ tuː biː əˈnʌðər kiːn ənd ˈhenri wɑːz tuː pruːv ə ˈsɪriəs ˈraɪvəl tuː ˈʃeɪkspiːr bʌt ˈmiːnwaɪl ðeɪ wɜːr klɜːrks ɪn ðə ˈɔːfəsəz ʌv taɪr/
Line 2
Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.
Line 3
His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.
Line 4
Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.
Line 5
With Henry it was different.
/wɪð ˈhenri ɪt wɑːz ˈdɪfərənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clerks noun US /klɜːrks/

plural of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading “A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.”

desks noun US /desks/

plural of “desk” — a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading “His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.”

flourishing adjective US /ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.”

Kean noun US /kiːn/

English actor noted for his portrayals of Shakespeare's great tragic characters (1789-1833)

From this reading “A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.”

mathematics noun US /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/

a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

From this reading “A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.”

Mike noun US /maɪk/

device for converting sound waves into electrical energy

From this reading “A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.”

penitentiary adjective US /ˌpenɪˈtentʃəri/

used for punishment or reform of criminals or wrongdoers

From this reading “A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.”

Tyre noun US /taɪr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading “A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

circumstanced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

clerksnounUS /klɜːrks/

plural of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

comfortablyadverbUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbli/

in mental comfort; without stress

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

ConsequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

desksnounUS /desks/

plural of “desk” — a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading With Henry it was different.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

flourishingadjectiveUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

heirs-apparent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

humours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

KeannounUS /kiːn/

English actor noted for his portrayals of Shakespeare's great tragic characters (1789-1833)

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

MATHEMATICSnounUS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/

a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

MikenounUS /maɪk/

device for converting sound waves into electrical energy

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

mitigations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

officesnounUS /ˈɔːfəsəz/

plural of “office” — place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

PENITENTIARYadjectiveUS /ˌpenɪˈtentʃəri/

used for punishment or reform of criminals or wrongdoers

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading His father was the king of a little flourishing prison of desks, and Mike was one of the heirs-apparent.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

rigours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

truancies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the rigours, and therefore too the truancies and humours of the lot official, Mike was comparatively so comfortably circumstanced as to have little knowledge.

TyrenounUS /taɪr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With Henry it was different.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Consequently, his lot, though dull, was seldom bitter; and many mitigations of it were within his privilege.

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading A PENITENTIARY OF THE MATHEMATICS Yes, Mike was some day to be another Kean, and Henry was to prove a serious rival to Shakespeare; but, meanwhile, they were clerks in the offices of Tyre.

Chapter 9 of Young Lives by Richard Le Gallienne holds 45 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Young Lives contain?

Chapter 9 holds 45 sentences of Young Lives, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Young Lives by Richard Le Gallienne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 45 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Young Lives?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Young Lives

Words and structures a reader meets early in Young Lives, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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