Chapter 4 of Young's Night Thoughts is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter IV
Chapter 4 of Young's Night Thoughts is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY. PREFACE. As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France. A land of levity is a land of guilt. A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
Chapter 4 of Young's Night Thoughts is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component
From this reading “CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.”
the state of having committed an offense
From this reading “A land of levity is a land of guilt.”
the quality or state of being immortal
From this reading “CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.”
feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness
From this reading “A land of levity is a land of guilt.”
all of the living human inhabitants of the earth
From this reading “A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.”
a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book
From this reading “PREFACE.”
the state of being covered with unclean things
From this reading “A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.”
Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.
From this reading “A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.”
In this reading “CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.”
In this reading “As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading A land of levity is a land of guilt.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
all the members of a group, with none left out
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
the state of having committed an offense
From this reading A land of levity is a land of guilt.
the state of being honored
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
on condition that; in the event that
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
the quality or state of being immortal
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
the quality of being important and worthy of note
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading A land of levity is a land of guilt.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
the land on which real estate is located
From this reading A land of levity is a land of guilt.
feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness
From this reading A land of levity is a land of guilt.
all of the living human inhabitants of the earth
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
social deportment
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
possession of controlling influence
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book
From this reading PREFACE.
any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
being or characteristic of a single thing or person
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
the state of being covered with unclean things
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading CONTAINING THE NATURE, PROOF, AND IMPORTANCE OF IMMORTALITY.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
consistent with fact or reality; not false
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.
From this reading A serious mind is the native soil of every virtue; and the single character that does true honour to mankind.
the waging of armed conflict against an enemy
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
in the company of; together with
From this reading As we are at war with the power, it were well if we were at war with the manners, of France.
Chapter 4 of Young's Night Thoughts by Edward Young holds 37 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 4 holds 37 sentences of Young's Night Thoughts, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 4 of Young's Night Thoughts by Edward Young exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 37 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Young's Night Thoughts by Edward Young on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 4546 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33156 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #33156, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 378 minutes of reading across 910 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Young's Night Thoughts section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 5 chapters of Young's Night Thoughts to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Young's Night Thoughts, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
