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Youth Challenges
Youth Challenges

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Youth Challenges is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.
The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.
In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.
It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.
Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Youth Challenges

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Youth Challenges is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.
/ðer ɑːr ˈfæməli trəˈdɪʃənz əˈmʌŋ ðə puːr dʒʌst æz ðer ɑːr əˈmʌŋ ðə rɪtʃ/
Line 2
The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.
Line 3
In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.
Line 4
It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.
/ɪt ɪz ɪnˈhɪrənt ɪn ðem tuː hoʊld ˈsɜːrtən bɪˈliːfs rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ ðemˈselvz/
Line 5
Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bakers noun US /ˈbeɪkərz/

plural of “baker” — someone who bakes commercially

From this reading “In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.”

beliefs noun US /bɪˈliːfs/

plural of “belief” — any cognitive content held as true

From this reading “It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.”

histories noun US /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading “In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.”

inherent adjective US /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading “It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.”

lowly adjective US /ˈloʊli/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading “In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.”

machinists noun US /məˈʃiːnɪsts/

plural of “machinist” — a craftsman skilled in operating machine tools

From this reading “In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.”

tenaciously adverb US /təˈneɪʃəsli/

with obstinate determination

From this reading “The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.”

uphold verb US /əpˈhoʊld/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading “Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

anarchismnoun

a political theory favoring the abolition of governments

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

bakersnounUS /ˈbeɪkərz/

plural of “baker” — someone who bakes commercially

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

beliefsnounUS /bɪˈliːfs/

plural of “belief” — any cognitive content held as true

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

clingverbUS /klɪŋ/

come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

constitutedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

descendantsnounUS /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

earlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

historiesnounUS /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

lowlyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊli/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

loyaltynounUS /ˈlɔɪəlti/

the quality of being loyal

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

machinistsnounUS /məˈʃiːnɪsts/

plural of “machinist” — a craftsman skilled in operating machine tools

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

regardingverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

tenaciouslyadverbUS /təˈneɪʃəsli/

with obstinate determination

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

traditionsnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

upholdverbUS /əpˈhoʊld/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

urgeverbUS /ɜːrdʒ/

force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

working-men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

Chapter 4 of Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland holds 219 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Youth Challenges contain?

Chapter 4 holds 219 sentences of Youth Challenges, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 219 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Youth Challenges?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Youth Challenges

Common questions about reading Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Youth Challenges?

Yes. All 8723 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5797 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Youth Challenges is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5797, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Youth Challenges take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1745 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Youth Challenges section by section

How to work through Youth Challenges section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Youth Challenges to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Youth Challenges

Words and structures a reader meets early in Youth Challenges, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bonbright's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Office
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rangar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.