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Youth Challenges
Youth Challenges

Chapter IV

Cover illustration for Youth Challenges
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.
The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.
In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.
It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.
Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Youth Challenges

Chapter IV

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.
Line 2
The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.
Line 3
In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.
Line 4
It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.
Line 5
Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Across preposition US /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading “Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.”

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.”

Another noun US /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.”

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.”

Whose determiner US /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

anarchism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

authority

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

bakers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

become

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

beliefs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

cling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

compelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

conduct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

constituted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

descendants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

earl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

employed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

families

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

father

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

grandfather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

group

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

HerenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

histories

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

hold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

inherent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

just

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

lowly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

loyalty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

machinists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

members

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

oppose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

peculiar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

regarding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

religion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

son

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

sons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

sort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

street

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

tenaciously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading It is inherent in them to hold certain beliefs regarding themselves.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.

tradition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

traditions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are family traditions among the poor just as there are among the rich.

uphold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

urge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In certain families the sons are compelled by tradition to become bakers, in others machinists; still other lowly family histories urge their members to conduct of one sort or another.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Here is a family whose tradition is loyalty to another family which has employed the father, son, grandfather; across the street may live a group whose peculiar religion is to oppose all constituted authority and to uphold anarchism.

working-men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The families of working-men may cling as tenaciously to their traditions as the descendants of an earl.