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Youth Challenges
Youth Challenges

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Youth Challenges is here in full — 276 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Youth Challenges
Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.
On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.
There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.
This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.
Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Youth Challenges

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Youth Challenges is here in full — 276 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.
Line 2
On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.
/ɑːn ɔːl saɪdz ʌv hɪm wɜːr men huː nuː ɔːl əˈbaʊt ˈsʌmθɪŋ ə fjuː huː nuː ə ɡreɪt diːl əˈbaʊt ˈsevrəl θɪŋz ənd ə mæn ɔːr tuː huː əˈpɪrd tuː hæv sʌm ˈnɑːlədʒ ʌv ˈevəri ˈeləmənt ənd ˈɑːrtəkəl ðæt went ˈɪntuː ə ˈmoʊtər kɑːr/
Line 3
There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.
/ðer wɑːz ə mæn huː nuː ˈleðər frʌm kaʊ tuː əˈpoʊlstəri ənd huː tɔːkt əˈbaʊt ɪt ˈlʌvɪŋli/
Line 4
This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.
Line 5
Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.
/əˈnʌðər wɑːz ə ˈspeʃələst ɪn ˈhɪkəri ənd θɔːt ənd tɔːkt spoʊks əˈnʌðər wɑːz ə ˈrezəvwɑːr ʌv dɪˈpendəbəl fækts əˈbaʊt ˈrʌbər əˈnʌðər əˈbaʊt ɡreɪ ˈaɪərn ˈkæstɪŋz əˈnʌðər əˈbaʊt peɪnts ənd ɪˈnæməlz ənd soʊ ɑːn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

castings noun US /ˈkæstɪŋz/

plural of “casting” — object formed by a mold

From this reading “Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.”

Cellini noun US /tʃeˈliːni/

Italian sculptor (1500-1571)

From this reading “This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.”

dependable adjective US /dɪˈpendəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading “Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.”

enamels noun US /ɪˈnæməlz/

plural of “enamel” — hard white substance covering the crown of a tooth

From this reading “Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.”

layman noun US /ˈleɪmən/

someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person

From this reading “Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.”

specialists noun US /ˈspeʃələsts/

plural of “specialist” — an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning

From this reading “Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.”

spokes noun US /spoʊks/

plural of “spoke” — support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading “Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.”

upholstery noun US /əˈpoʊlstəri/

covering (padding and springs and webbing and fabric) on a piece of furniture

From this reading “There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

abilitynounUS /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

Benvenuto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

Bonbright

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

carnounUS /kɑːr/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

castingsnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋz/

plural of “casting” — object formed by a mold

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

CellininounUS /tʃeˈliːni/

Italian sculptor (1500-1571)

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

cownounUS /kaʊ/

female of domestic cattle: "“moo-cow” is a child's term"

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

dependableadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

enamelsnounUS /ɪˈnæməlz/

plural of “enamel” — hard white substance covering the crown of a tooth

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

hickorynounUS /ˈhɪkəri/

valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

laymannounUS /ˈleɪmən/

someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

lovinglyadverbUS /ˈlʌvɪŋli/

with fondness; with love

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

paintsnounUS /peɪnts/

plural of “paint” — a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

reservoirnounUS /ˈrezəvwɑːr/

a large or extra supply of something

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

rubbernounUS /ˈrʌbər/

an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

specialistnounUS /ˈspeʃələst/

an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

specialistsnounUS /ˈspeʃələsts/

plural of “specialist” — an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning

From this reading Bonbright found himself a layman in a department of specialists.

spokesnounUS /spoʊks/

plural of “spoke” — support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This man had the ability to make leather as interesting as the art of Benvenuto Cellini.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Another was a specialist in hickory, and thought and talked spokes; another was a reservoir of dependable facts about rubber; another about gray iron castings; another about paints and enamels, and so on.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

upholsterynounUS /əˈpoʊlstəri/

covering (padding and springs and webbing and fabric) on a piece of furniture

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a man who knew leather from cow to upholstery, and who talked about it lovingly.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading On all sides of him were men who knew all about something, a few who knew a great deal about several things, and a man or two who appeared to have some knowledge of every element and article that went into a motor car.

Chapter 23 of Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland holds 276 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Youth Challenges contain?

Chapter 23 holds 276 sentences of Youth Challenges, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 276 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Youth Challenges?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Youth Challenges

Common questions about reading Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Youth Challenges?

Yes. All 8723 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5797 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Youth Challenges is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5797, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Youth Challenges take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1745 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Youth Challenges section by section

How to work through Youth Challenges section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Youth Challenges to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Youth Challenges

Words and structures a reader meets early in Youth Challenges, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bonbright's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Office
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rangar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.