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Youth Challenges
Youth Challenges

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Youth Challenges is here in full — 299 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.
He was able to get no nearer to the men.
Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.
The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.
He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Youth Challenges

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Youth Challenges is here in full — 299 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.
Line 2
He was able to get no nearer to the men.
/hiː wɑːz ˈeɪbəl tuː ɡet noʊ ˈnɪrər tuː ðə men/
Line 3
Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.
Line 4
The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.
Line 5
He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.
/hiː faʊnd æz mʌtʃ ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt ɪn ˈstʌdiɪŋ hɪz emˈplɔɪər æz hiː dɪd ɪn ˈwɜːrkɪŋ ˈoʊvər hɪz emˈplɔɪərz plæn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

casualty noun US /ˈkæʒəwəlti/

someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement

From this reading “If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.”

convert verb US /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.”

counterbalanced adjective US /ˌkaʊntərˈbælənst/

brought into equipoise by means of a weight or force that offsets another

From this reading “If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.”

employer's noun US /emˈplɔɪərz/

possessive form of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading “He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.”

handling noun US /ˈhændlɪŋ/

manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something

From this reading “If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.”

hostility noun US /hɑːˈstɪləti/

a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition

From this reading “Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.”

sociology noun US /ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒi/

the study and classification of human societies

From this reading “The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.”

unions noun US /ˈjuːnjənz/

plural of “union” — an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading “If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He was able to get no nearer to the men.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

Bonbright

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

Bonbright's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

casualtynounUS /ˈkæʒəwəlti/

someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

co-operation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

convertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

counterbalancedadjectiveUS /ˌkaʊntərˈbælənst/

brought into equipoise by means of a weight or force that offsets another

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

createdverbUS /kriˈeɪtəd/

past form of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

employernounUS /emˈplɔɪər/

a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

employer'snounUS /emˈplɔɪərz/

possessive form of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

enjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He was able to get no nearer to the men.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

Hammil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

handlingnounUS /ˈhændlɪŋ/

manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was able to get no nearer to the men.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

hostilitynounUS /hɑːˈstɪləti/

a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

individualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

manifestedverbUS /ˈmænəfestəd/

past form of “manifest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading He was able to get no nearer to the men.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was able to get no nearer to the men.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

peeredverbUS /pɪrd/

past form of “peer” — look searchingly

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

professornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

resentmentnounUS /rɪˈzentmənt/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

sociologynounUS /ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒi/

the study and classification of human societies

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

spectaclesnounUS /ˈspektəkəlz/

(plural) optical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

studyingnounUS /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

suspicionnounUS /səˈspɪʃən/

an impression that something might be the case

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The professor of sociology peered frequently at Bonbright through his thick spectacles with keen interest.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was able to get no nearer to the men.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

unionsnounUS /ˈjuːnjənz/

plural of “union” — an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading If Bonbright's handling of the Hammil casualty created a good impression among the men, his stand against the unions more than counterbalanced it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was able to get no nearer to the men.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Perhaps, as individuals became acquainted with him, there was less open hostility manifested, but there remained suspicion, resentment, which Bonbright was unable to convert into friendship and co-operation.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading He found as much enjoyment in studying his employer as he did in working over his employer's plan.

Chapter 31 of Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland holds 299 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Youth Challenges contain?

Chapter 31 holds 299 sentences of Youth Challenges, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 299 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Youth Challenges?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Youth Challenges

Common questions about reading Youth Challenges by Clarence Budington Kelland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Youth Challenges?

Yes. All 8723 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5797 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Youth Challenges is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5797, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Youth Challenges take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1745 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Youth Challenges

Words and structures a reader meets early in Youth Challenges, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bonbright's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Office
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rangar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Youth Challenges; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.