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Zenobia
Zenobia

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Zenobia is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Zenobia
Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.
You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.
As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.
'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?
You must be a stranger in Palmyra.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Zenobia

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Zenobia is here in full — 368 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.
Line 2
You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.
Line 3
As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.
Line 4
'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?
Line 5
You must be a stranger in Palmyra.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dealer noun US /ˈdiːlər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.”

doctrine noun US /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading “Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.”

Epicurean adjective US /ˌepəkjʊˈriːən/

of Epicurus or epicureanism

From this reading “'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?”

follower noun US /ˈfɑːloʊər/

a person who accepts the leadership of another

From this reading “Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.”

mischievous adjective US /ˈmɪstʃəvəs/

naughtily or annoyingly playful

From this reading “As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.”

misrepresented adjective US /ˌmɪsreprɪˈzentɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading “You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.”

opinions noun US /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading “You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.”

philosopher noun US /fəˈlɑːsəfər/

a specialist in philosophy

From this reading “You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading You must be a stranger in Palmyra.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

Cimmerianadjective

intensely dark and gloomy as with perpetual darkness

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

Critias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

dealernounUS /ˈdiːlər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

EpicureanadjectiveUS /ˌepəkjʊˈriːən/

of Epicurus or epicureanism

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

Epicurusnoun

Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC)

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

followernounUS /ˈfɑːloʊər/

a person who accepts the leadership of another

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

inquiredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərd/

past form of “inquire” — address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

mischievousadjectiveUS /ˈmɪstʃəvəs/

naughtily or annoyingly playful

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

misrepresentedadjectiveUS /ˌmɪsreprɪˈzentɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading You must be a stranger in Palmyra.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

Palmyranoun

tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving

From this reading You must be a stranger in Palmyra.

philosophernounUS /fəˈlɑːsəfər/

a specialist in philosophy

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading You must be a stranger in Palmyra.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such was the doctrine, and such nearly the language of the follower of Epicurus.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading 'What,' said he, in reply, 'do you not know Critias the Epicurean?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As I turned away from this mischievous dealer in Cimmerian darkness, I inquired of one who stood near me who this great man might be.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You will easily judge how far he misrepresented the opinions of that philosopher.

Chapter 9 of Zenobia by William Ware holds 368 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Zenobia contain?

Chapter 9 holds 368 sentences of Zenobia, unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Zenobia by William Ware exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 368 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Zenobia?

Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Zenobia

Common questions about reading Zenobia by William Ware on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Zenobia?

Yes. All 7299 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8938 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Zenobia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8938, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Zenobia take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1460 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Zenobia section by section

How to work through Zenobia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Zenobia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Zenobia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Zenobia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Zenobia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zenobia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Palmyra
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zenobia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zenobia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Difficulty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zenobia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.