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Zigzag Journeys in Europe
Zigzag Journeys in Europe

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Zigzag Journeys in Europe is here in full — 240 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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BRITTANY.
Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.
The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.
The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.
The Class met few people on this journey.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Zigzag Journeys in Europe

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Zigzag Journeys in Europe is here in full — 240 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BRITTANY.
/ˈbrɪtəni/
Line 2
Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.
Line 3
The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.
Line 4
The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.
Line 5
The Class met few people on this journey.
/ðə klæs met fjuː ˈpiːpəl ɑːn ðɪs ˈdʒɜːrni/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attractions noun US /əˈtrækʃənz/

plural of “attraction” — the force by which one object attracts another

From this reading “The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.”

Breton noun US /ˈbretən/

a native or inhabitant of Brittany (especially one who speaks the Breton language)

From this reading “Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.”

brittany noun US /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading “BRITTANY.”

cleanly adverb US /ˈkliːnli/

smoothly and without difficulty; precisely and deftly

From this reading “The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.”

Howe noun US /haʊ/

United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading “The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.”

Nantes noun US /nænts/

a port city in western France on the Loire estuary

From this reading “Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.”

sketched verb US /sketʃt/

past form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading “The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.”

wayside noun US /ˈweɪsaɪd/

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading “The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Old Woman's adjective + noun counted as “old woman”

a woman who is old

In this reading “Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.”

by rail preposition + noun

In this reading “The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.”

few people adjective + noun

In this reading “The Class met few people on this journey.”

by the way preposition + article + noun counted as “by … way”

introducing a different topic

In this reading “The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

attractionsnounUS /əˈtrækʃənz/

plural of “attraction” — the force by which one object attracts another

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

Avranches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

Bayeux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

BretonnounUS /ˈbretən/

a native or inhabitant of Brittany (especially one who speaks the Breton language)

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

brieflyadverbUS /ˈbriːfli/

for a short time

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

BRITTANYnounUS /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading BRITTANY.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

Caen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

Calvadosnoun

dry apple brandy made in Normandy

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

Chateaubriandnoun

French statesman and writer; considered a precursor of the romantic movement in France (1768-1848)

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

ClassnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

cleanlyadverbUS /ˈkliːnli/

smoothly and without difficulty; precisely and deftly

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

CliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

clock-tower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

ConquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

CownounUS /kaʊ/

female of domestic cattle: "“moo-cow” is a child's term"

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

Diligences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

Falaise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The Class met few people on this journey.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

Fénelon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

HowenounUS /haʊ/

United States editor (1920-1993)

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

LewisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading The Class met few people on this journey.

Michel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

Mont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

NantesnounUS /nænts/

a port city in western France on the Loire estuary

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Class met few people on this journey.

quaintadjectiveUS /kweɪnt/

strange in an interesting or pleasing way

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

railnounUS /reɪl/

a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

RidingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

SacknounUS /sæk/

a bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

ScenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

sketchedverbUS /sketʃt/

past form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

StoriesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

Sévigné

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The Class met few people on this journey.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

VillagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

Vire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

visitingnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

the activity of making visits

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

waysidenounUS /ˈweɪsaɪd/

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The Class went by rail from Paris to the bright Norman district of Calvados, visiting Caen and Bayeux, whose attractions have been briefly sketched in the letter of George Howe to Master Lewis.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

Woman'snounUS /ˈwʊmənz/

possessive form of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

WonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The next journey was to Avranches, or the "Village of the Cliff," by the way of Falaise, the residence of Duke Robert, father of William the Conqueror, and to the quaint town of Vire, famous for its cleanly, industrious inhabitants its grand old hills buried in woods, its great wayside trees, and its ancient clock-tower.

XVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading Avranches.--Riding on Diligences.--Mont St. Michel.--Chateaubriand.-- Madame de Sévigné.--Brittany.--Breton Stories.--Story of the Old Woman's Cow.--Story of the Wonderful Sack.--Nantes.--Scenes of the Revolution at Nantes.--Fénelon and Louis XV.

Chapter 17 of Zigzag Journeys in Europe by Hezekiah Butterworth holds 240 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Zigzag Journeys in Europe contain?

Chapter 17 holds 240 sentences of Zigzag Journeys in Europe, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Zigzag Journeys in Europe by Hezekiah Butterworth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 240 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Zigzag Journeys in Europe?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Zigzag Journeys in Europe

Common questions about reading Zigzag Journeys in Europe by Hezekiah Butterworth on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Zigzag Journeys in Europe?

Yes. All 3298 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33319 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Zigzag Journeys in Europe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33319, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Zigzag Journeys in Europe take to read?

About 274 minutes of reading across 660 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Zigzag Journeys in Europe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Zigzag Journeys in Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Zigzag Journeys in Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustration
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zigzag Journeys in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Captions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zigzag Journeys in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Braces
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zigzag Journeys in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Table
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Zigzag Journeys in Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.